Secure Microelectronics and Artificial Intelligence Circuits Lab (SMART)
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Eslam Tawfik | Assistant Professor
Electrical and Computer Engineering
ElectroScience Lab
tawfik.10@osu.edu
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The Secure Microelectronics and Artificial Intelligence (SMART) Lab was founded by Prof. Eslam Tawfik in 2021.
Architecting and verifying a SoC is a major step that can happen during the design of the integrated circuit. It incorporates significant design and verification approaches. In the SMART group, we are investigating new methodologies of architecting a wide range of SoCs, varying from resource constrained SoC to Radiation Hardened SoC. Ensuring data flows securely through the entire SoC might include third party or open-source IPs. The SMART group has interests in developing brain inspired accelerators, Domain-Specific Embedded FPGAs, and reduced memory OS for resource constrained devices.
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Lab Capabilities
Facilities
Cadence

Synopsys

GlobalFoundries 22FDX FDSOI

SkyWater (open source)

multi-FPGA System
proFPGA quad Motherboard

proFPGA uno Motherboard

Prototyping Board
Virtex® UltraScale™ XCVU440 FPGA

Intel® Stratix® 10 SG280 FPGA

Side-channel analysis
Artix FPGA Target Board (CW305)

Artix Socket FPGA Target Board

Chipyard Framework

Open FPGA Framework

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Researchers
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Prof. Eslam Yahya Tawfik leads a research team in the area of Digital SoC Design, Hardware Security & Assurance, AI / Machine Learning, and Secure Hardware Accelerators. He is currently serving as a research Assistant Professor at the ECE department, The Ohio State University. Prior to joining OSU, he served as Assistant Professor in the American University in Cairo, an Assistant Professor in Benha University Egypt, and research associate in INPG France. Prof. Tawfik research got funded by different government and industry agencies such as AFRL, SRC, ADI, Intel, Mentor Graphics, and STMicroelectronics. He is an IEEE Senior Member and he has served as an Organizer, Program Chair, a Technical Program Committee member and a regular Reviewer for several international conferences and journals. In addition to his research activities, Prof. Tawfik has proven teaching experience in digital design, computer engineering, and computer science curriculums.
LinkedIn Profile
Google Scholar
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Graduate Students
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Sherif Abouzeid Sherif is a PhD student and a member of SMART team since September 2021. He received his BSc in 2009 in Electrical engineering from Helwan University, Egypt. Sherif received his MSc in 2015 from Nile University in micro-electronics systems design. His research topic was mainly about hardware design of error detection and correction decoders for wireless communication systems. Sherif received his EMBA from MSM, Maastricht School of Management in January 2022 where he majored in Corporates’ finance. Sherif worked for WASEILA - a hardware design house in Egypt - from May 2011 till January 2016 as a hardware design engineer. During his work at WASEILA, he has been involved in ASIC and FPGA projects for wireless communication systems mainly OFDM systems including DVB-C, WIFI 802.11n, LTE and application specific non-standard OFDM projects. He was responsible for developing major design blocks and IP cores, specifically RTL development of synchronization blocks, Forward Error Correction blocks such as LDPC. Sherif worked as a contractor engineer for CarrierComm – a subsidiary of Moseley group, California - from November 2014 till March 2016. He was responsible for the implementation of their new modem chip clocking and reset scheme. His work included selection of required PLLs and interfacing them with microprocessor, implementation of clock dividers, clock multiplexing scheme, PLL interrupt controllers for locking status, clock gating and reset enables for the entire chip. Sherif joined Riotmicro April 2016. Riotmicro is an IC design company specialized in IOT applications. He was a senior team member of the baseband modem digital design team. Sherif participated in the design and implementation of RM1000 and RM2000 series chips. RM1000 and RM2000 are low power baseband modems implementing LTE-CAT M1 and Narrowband IoT LTE standards. Sherif participated in multiple successful tapeouts for the RM modems. Riotmicro was acquired by STMicroelectronics in September 2020. Sherif worked for STMicroelectronics as a senior hardware design engineer where he was a part of the IOT modem design and implementation team. Sherif’s current research interests includes digital SoC design and implementation, RISC-V processors, opensource EDA tools development and hardware accelerators for AI and machine learning algorithms. Sherif now lives in Columbus, Ohio with his wife and three daughters. Outside of work, he enjoys reading, computer gaming and powerlifting.
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Sherif Elewa received his Bachelor of Science (BSc) and Master of Science (MSc) degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering at Cairo University Faculty of Engineering in 2010 and 2017, respectively. During his master's studies, he conducted research focused on the hardware design of a timing recovery circuit for the DVB-T2 wireless system receiver. He is currently a PhD student and member of the SMART team.
Sherif joined WASIELA - hardware design house in Egypt - as a hardware digital design engineer starting from April 2012 till July 2015. During his work at WASIELA he was involved in ASIC and FPGA projects for wireless communication systems such as DVB-T2 and Zigbee low power transceiver. He has also participated in implementing and verifying Dual Clock ADC calibration module for the interfaces between analog and digital circuits. During this period, he participated in the RTL development of some sophisticated IP cores such as timing recovery circuits, frame processing, offset and gain calibration. In addition, he was leading the team performing FPGA prototyping and pre-silicon validation for different solutions. Sherif then joined Mentor Graphics as FPGA prototyping engineer from July 2015 till Feb 2022. He was deeply involved in FPGA prototyping on both single and multiple FPGAs systems using ProFPGA Kits with AXI bus interfaces. During this time, he worked extensively on various technologies of Xilinx FPGAs to bring up complex SoC designs on FPGA. He was involved in heavy validation work to debug complicated design issues such as CDC, timing closure on FPGAs, as well as power aware simulations. He then joined Si-Vision - hardware design house in Egypt - on February 2022 as a staff digital design engineer. His work focus is on the design of the PHY layer architecture for MIPI D-PHY protocol for low-power high-speed serial transmission. He was responsible for leading the project, designing new features, as well as validating the front-end ASIC flow.
Sherif’s research interests include eFPGA, hardware security, and SoC designs targeting FPGA and ASIC.
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Islam Elsadek received his B.S degree in Nanotechnology and Nanoelectronics engineering from the University of Science and Technology at Zewail City, Egypt in 2019 with Summa Cum Laude honors. He is currently a Ph.D. student and member of the SMART Team at The Ohio State University, ElectroScience Lab. His current research interests are designing secure and side-channel resistant cryptographic accelerators, such as Lightweight cryptography accelerators, and integrate them into SoCs along with open source GPPs.
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Ahmed Zaky Ghonem received a B.Sc. degree in Nanotechnology & Nanoelectronics Engineering (with honors) from the University of Science and Technology at Zewailcity, Egypt, in 2018. He is currently a Masters student and member of the SMART Team and a Graduate Research Associate with the ElectroScience Lab at The Ohio State University. Zaky has worked as a Research Engineer at the Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, and Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore. He led the design, verification, and implementation of three successful Tapeouts of low-power System-on-Chip (SoCs). The work included, a RISC-V processor, on/off-chip communication, adapative-performance deep learning accelerators, and non-volatile memories (MRAM and ReRAMs). He was also working as a Research Assistant (RA) at the Center for Nano-electronics and Devices (CND) at the American University in Cairo (AUC), Cairo, Egypt, working on model order reduction and developing algorithms and IPs to EDA software tools for System-on-Chip (SoC) design. He has authored/co-authored 7 papers in international journals and conferences and was a semi-finalist in the “MEMS Design Contest” organized by Cadence, X-Fab, and Coventor (2017). His research interests include Low-power SoC Design, Neuromorphic Computing, Hardware Acceleration for AI and Deep Learning, EDA algorithms, CAD tools development, IoT hardware security, energy harvesting, emerging memory technologies, device modeling.
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Shehab Naga is a PhD student and a member of the SMART Team. He received his B.Sc. in Nanotechnology and Nanoelectronics Engineering, VLSI Concentration with Summa Cum Laude honors from Zewail City, Egypt in February 2023. During his undergraduate studies, he participated in two industrial internships at Si-Vision, Egypt, and PyramidTech, Egypt, one research project at Zewail City, Egypt, and one summer training with Siemens EDA, Egypt. His work spanned the whole ASIC and FPGA design flows, both front and back end. In his last semester as an undergraduate, he worked as a part-time junior FPGA engineer at PyramidTech. His research interests include hardware security, hardware acceleration for AI and machine learning algorithms, and hardware/software co-design.
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Jeremy Porter is a PhD student and a member of the SMART Team since January of 2020. His research focuses on operating systems, bootloaders, and hardware/software vulnerabilities. He works with open source operating systems such as Linux and a formally verified microkernel seL4. He is developing methods to securely boot operating systems leveraging a chain of trust rooted in hardware. He currently works full time as a Security Engineer and team lead for a small research group as a contractor to government organizations. Prior to becoming a full time contractor, Jeremy worked as an instructor at an educational institution where he taught networking and security courses for ten years. Jeremy hold a Master’s degree in Cybersecurity from Wright State University and a B.S. in Physics from The Ohio State University. He is a Certified Information Systems Security Professional from (ISC)2 and a Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH). He is interested in all things security including software and hardware security, physical security and human security. Most recently, Jeremy successfully modified page tables to reduce the memory footprint used by 64-bit RISC-V operating systems. He is now focused on building a reduced footprint, security focused RISC-V bootloader. Jeremy lives in Columbus with his wife and two sons. He enjoys endurance running, cycling, and indoor rowing. He is an amateur photographer using film and digital infrared.
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SMART Alumni
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Sayed Elgendy (Member, IEEE) graduated in Summer 2023 with his MS in Electrical and Computer Engineering from The Ohio State University (OSU), Ohio, USA. His research interests are eFPGA, Hardware security, and SoC designs targeting FPGA and ASIC. Before joining OSU, he worked as a research assistant at the National Institute of Informatics (NII), Tokyo, Japan, and Egypt-Japan University for Science and Technology, Egypt. He received the B.Sc. (Hons.) degree in electronics and communications engineering from Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, and the M.Sc. degree in electronics and communications engineering from Egypt-Japan University for Science and Technology, Egypt.

Mika Brattain is from Boston, MA. He received his B.S. degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from The Ohio State University in May of 2020. Since graduating, he has been employed at Centauri/KBR performing SoC development and research in firmware and hardware security. He was a student researcher at ESL August of 2021 as part of the SMART program, leaving in 2023. His technical interests include reverse engineering, penetration testing, machine learning, digital signal processing, and SoC verification. Outside of work and school, he enjoys hiking, running, and chess competitions.
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Research
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Security and Trust
Security and Trust

STAMP project is a RISC-V based SoC integrating two RISC-V processors, Light Weight Cryptography (LWC) core with internal 12 variants, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) with internal 3 cores for AES (BL, SECV1 and SECV2), security primitives including SRAM based PUF and TRNG and an embedded FPGA. All the cores can be programmed as a coprocessor or standalone separate from the processor through external SPI master. The SPI debug interface is used in debugging purposes to have full access to the SOC bus externally. JTAG is used for debugging purposes. STAMP SoC works on an optimized inhouse developed operating system based on Sel-4 OS.
STAMP SoC was fabricated using global Foundries 22nm FDX technology node with an approximate 20 million gate and area of 8mm2 .

Embedded FPGA (eFPGA) is an IP that can be instantiated inside SoC to unlock its processing capabilities. Adopting eFPGA would provide SoC architects with feasible solution to launch a product that requires frequent updating or has variable market needs. eFPGA is especially appealing for applications such as machine learning or security where algorithms, or policies are changing.
In this research we are working to enable fast prototyping of custom eFPGA architecture to target different technology nodes. Besides, focusing on domain specific eFPGA architectures.


With the increased demand for IoTs and resource-constrained applications, along with the importance of keeping information storage and communication secure. NIST started a standardization process to standardize a new algorithm that shall be suitable in such lightweight environments, as current standards such as AES are not designed to be used in these resource-constrained environments due to their large hardware resources.
This project integrates the upcoming LWC standard with a resource-constrained processor based on RISC-V ISA to construct a lightweight secure enclave, the secure enclave (LightSec) shall be energy efficient to be suitable for different resource-constrained environments with limited hardware resources. Additionally, LightSec is implemented in a way that is side-channel resistant to provide protection against any side-channel leakage of sensitive information.

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Brain-Inspired Computing
Brain-Inspired Computing
Please check back soon...
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CAD Methods and Tools
CAD Methods and Tools
Minimal RISC-V Operating System for Resource Constrained Devices
Common operating systems such as Linux (monolithic kernel) and the formally verified seL4 (microkernel) are open source and good candidates for resource constrained devices (custom SoC’s or IoT devices). Linux has a lot of features and thus uses a relatively large footprint for IoT/SoC devices with 2 MB of device memory. Linux can be stripped down to reduce the memory footprint and get reasonably close to the 2 MB requirement for the memory footprint. On the other hand seL4 is a microkernel and has very few features but those can be added to the system in user space as required. This produces a more security conscious system but even with the minimal footprint seL4 provides, the memory footprint is too large.
In both cases Linux and seL4 use a memory layout that places the payload at a 2 MB aligned address in the binary image. To work around this, the memory layout must be modified to “unfold” the page tables and allow for alignment along any 4 KB page boundary. With these changes, a Linux and seL4 system can be created using less than 2 MB of device memory.
Publications
- I. Elsadek and E. Y. Tawfik, "RISC-V Resource-Constrained Cores: A Survey and Energy Comparison," 2021 19th IEEE International New Circuits and Systems Conference (NEWCAS), 2021, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/NEWCAS50681.2021.9462781.
- I. Elsadek and E. Y. Tawfik, "Optimized Design for a Lightweight RISC-V Based Secure Enclave Integrating Standardized Lightweight Cryptography", TECHCON 2022
- I. Elsadek and E. Y. Tawfik, "Energy Efficiency Enhancement of Parallelized Implementation of NIST Lightweight Cryptography Standardization Finalists" 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2022
- I. Elsadek and E. Y. Tawfik, "Hardware and Energy Efficiency Evaluation of NIST Lightweight Cryptography Standardization Finalists" 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2022
- I. Elsadek and E. Y. Tawfik, "Evaluation of Energy Efficiency and Hardware Security of NIST Lightweight Cryptography Final Round Candidates", TECHCON 2021
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Sponsors
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Student Success
Tiles

Papers accepted at ISCAS 2022
SMART Lab students had papers accepted at the 2022 International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.
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News
SMART News
Meet ESL PhD student Shehab Naga

ESL grad student team tops in competition at international symposium
